The constructive solution of the floor is determined by the production purpose of the room and its operational requirements. When choosing a floor structure, it is necessary to take into account its resistance to mechanical and shock loads, exposure to moisture, temperature extremes and chemical aggression.
For structural elements of the floor, the following names are adopted:
- cover - the upper floor element directly exposed to operational influences;
- interlayer - an intermediate layer connecting the covering with the underlying floor element or overlap, or serving to cover with an elastic bed;
- screed - a layer that forms a rigid or dense crust over non-rigid or porous elements of the floor; the screed is also arranged either to level the surface of the floor or floor element, or to give the covering a given slope;
- waterproofing - a layer (or several layers) that prevents the penetration of sewage and other liquids through the floor; penetration of groundwater into the floor.
In addition, the following names are adopted for floor elements installed on the ground:
- subbase (preparation) - a floor element that distributes loads over the base. The underlying layers can be bonded (rigid) - asphalt concrete, reinforced concrete, cement concrete and unbound (non-rigid) - sand and crushed stone;
- heat-insulating layer - an element of the floor on the ground, which reduces the overall thermal conductivity of the floor;
- the base of the floor is either compacted soil (in the case of flooring along the ground), or the structure of the floor (in the case of flooring along the floors).
The name of the floor is established by the name of its covering
In heated rooms with an air temperature of up to 23 ° C, with a long stay of a large number of people, it is not allowed to install floors made of concrete, cement, metlakh tiles and other materials that have a high coefficient of heat absorption and therefore are called cold.
It is necessary to design warm and resilient floors directly at machine tools and other workplaces, and in places where shop vehicles pass through, durable coatings that resist stress well.
Earthen floors
They are used in hot workshops, where the floor is exposed to high temperatures, as well as in workshops and warehouses for storing bulk materials and heavy products, the fall of which can cause destruction of any other floors. They are made from an adobe mixture of 15-30% clay and 85-70% sand or clay concrete (the same mixture with the addition of 20-25% gravel, crushed stone or slag).