It is recommended to use steel bindings from bent and rolled profiles, wood and aluminum - depending on the operating conditions of buildings and technical and economic indicators.
Openings intended only for illumination should be filled with glazing in blind window frames. Opening transoms in such bindings should be provided only for double glazing (for wiping glass).
To fill openings intended only for aeration, it is recommended to use pivoting, folding, sliding or removable shields or blinds. The feathers of the blinds should be with a slope of 45%.
Unclosed openings in the walls are allowed to be arranged in warehouses and unheated workshops of buildings erected in areas with an estimated external temperature of -25 ° C and above.
Window openings in places of height difference, when the underlying coating, combustible or hardly combustible, should be filled to a height of up to 8 m from the level of this coating with blind bindings made of non-combustible materials, glazed with reinforced glass or glass brick masonry. For double glazing, the use of reinforced glass is mandatory only for the outer sashes.
The requirements of this clause do not apply to those buildings in the elevated part of which production facilities of categories D are located.
In fireproof walls, above the annexes of auxiliary premises, it is allowed to arrange window openings with wooden frames with ordinary glazing, provided that the coatings of the annexes are aligned and fireproof. In unclosed openings in the walls, there must be special devices (cornices, protective surfaces, etc.) to prevent rain and snow from entering the premises.
Sash window sashes or other opening devices in rooms in which the required air exchange is carried out by aeration should be placed so that the distance from the floor level to the bottom of the openings (sash sashes) intended for air flow during the warm season is no more than 1, 8 m, and at least 4 m to the bottom of the openings intended for air flow during the cold season.
Sash windows and skylights or other opening devices in rooms designed for aeration must be equipped with easily controllable and stable devices for opening and installing them in the required position.
The height from the floor to the bottom of the light and combined openings should be set depending on the provision of standard illumination of the workplaces located at the outer walls.
If there are openings in the fire walls separating the premises intended for the production of categories A, B and C, and it is impossible to protect these openings with fire doors or gates, communication between adjacent rooms should be carried out through open (without doors) vestibules with a total length of at least 4 m, designed based on one sprinkler head per 1 m3 of vestibule area. The enclosing structures of the vestibule must be fireproof with a fire resistance limit of at least 1 hour.
The dimensions of doorways in height should be multiples of 300 mm, window openings - 600 mm, gates - 1200 mm.
The height of the window openings should be calculated from the top of the sill boards, and the height of the openings for the gate - taking into account the crossbar of the framing frame.
A gate in the light for the passage of road vehicles must be at least 200 mm higher than the means of transport, i.e., at least 2.4 m. The width of the gate must
exceed the maximum width of the means of transport by at least 600 mm and must be at least 1.8 m. On the outside of the gate, ramps with a slope of no more than 0.1 should be arranged.